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<?php
//============================================================+
// File name   : qrcode.php
// Version     : 1.0.010
// Begin       : 2010-03-22
// Last Update : 2012-07-25
// Author      : Nicola Asuni - Tecnick.com LTD - www.tecnick.com - info@tecnick.com
// License     : GNU-LGPL v3 (http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/lesser.html)
// -------------------------------------------------------------------
// Copyright (C) 2010-2012 Nicola Asuni - Tecnick.com LTD
//
// This file is part of TCPDF software library.
//
// TCPDF is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
// under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
// published by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the
// License, or (at your option) any later version.
//
// TCPDF is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
// See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// along with TCPDF.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
//
// See LICENSE.TXT file for more information.
// -------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// DESCRIPTION :
//
// Class to create QR-code arrays for TCPDF class.
// QR Code symbol is a 2D barcode that can be scanned by
// handy terminals such as a mobile phone with CCD.
// The capacity of QR Code is up to 7000 digits or 4000
// characters, and has high robustness.
// This class supports QR Code model 2, described in
// JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) X0510:2004
// or ISO/IEC 18004.
// Currently the following features are not supported:
// ECI and FNC1 mode, Micro QR Code, QR Code model 1,
// Structured mode.
//
// This class is derived from the following projects:
// ---------------------------------------------------------
// "PHP QR Code encoder"
// License: GNU-LGPLv3
// Copyright (C) 2010 by Dominik Dzienia <deltalab at poczta dot fm>
// http://phpqrcode.sourceforge.net/
// https://sourceforge.net/projects/phpqrcode/
//
// The "PHP QR Code encoder" is based on
// "C libqrencode library" (ver. 3.1.1)
// License: GNU-LGPL 2.1
// Copyright (C) 2006-2010 by Kentaro Fukuchi
// http://megaui.net/fukuchi/works/qrencode/index.en.html
//
// Reed-Solomon code encoder is written by Phil Karn, KA9Q.
// Copyright (C) 2002-2006 Phil Karn, KA9Q
//
// QR Code is registered trademark of DENSO WAVE INCORPORATED
// http://www.denso-wave.com/qrcode/index-e.html
// ---------------------------------------------------------
//============================================================+

/**
 * @file
 * Class to create QR-code arrays for TCPDF class.
 * QR Code symbol is a 2D barcode that can be scanned by handy terminals such as a mobile phone with CCD.
 * The capacity of QR Code is up to 7000 digits or 4000 characters, and has high robustness.
 * This class supports QR Code model 2, described in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) X0510:2004 or ISO/IEC 18004.
 * Currently the following features are not supported: ECI and FNC1 mode, Micro QR Code, QR Code model 1, Structured mode.
 *
 * This class is derived from "PHP QR Code encoder" by Dominik Dzienia (http://phpqrcode.sourceforge.net/) based on "libqrencode C library 3.1.1." by Kentaro Fukuchi (http://megaui.net/fukuchi/works/qrencode/index.en.html), contains Reed-Solomon code written by Phil Karn, KA9Q. QR Code is registered trademark of DENSO WAVE INCORPORATED (http://www.denso-wave.com/qrcode/index-e.html).
 * Please read comments on this class source file for full copyright and license information.
 *
 * @package com.tecnick.tcpdf
 * @author Nicola Asuni
 * @version 1.0.010
 */

// definitions
if (!defined('QRCODEDEFS')) {

/**
	 * Indicate that definitions for this class are set
	 */
	define('QRCODEDEFS', true);

// -----------------------------------------------------

// Encoding modes (characters which can be encoded in QRcode)

/**
	 * Encoding mode
	 */
	define('QR_MODE_NL', -1);

/**
	 * Encoding mode numeric (0-9). 3 characters are encoded to 10bit length. In theory, 7089 characters or less can be stored in a QRcode.
	 */
	define('QR_MODE_NM', 0);

/**
	 * Encoding mode alphanumeric (0-9A-Z $%*+-./:) 45characters. 2 characters are encoded to 11bit length. In theory, 4296 characters or less can be stored in a QRcode.
	 */
	define('QR_MODE_AN', 1);

/**
	 * Encoding mode 8bit byte data. In theory, 2953 characters or less can be stored in a QRcode.
	 */
	define('QR_MODE_8B', 2);

/**
	 * Encoding mode KANJI. A KANJI character (multibyte character) is encoded to 13bit length. In theory, 1817 characters or less can be stored in a QRcode.
	 */
	define('QR_MODE_KJ', 3);

/**
	 * Encoding mode STRUCTURED (currently unsupported)
	 */
	define('QR_MODE_ST', 4);

// -----------------------------------------------------

// Levels of error correction.
	// QRcode has a function of an error correcting for miss reading that white is black.
	// Error correcting is defined in 4 level as below.

/**
	 * Error correction level L : About 7% or less errors can be corrected.
	 */
	define('QR_ECLEVEL_L', 0);

/**
	 * Error correction level M : About 15% or less errors can be corrected.
	 */
	define('QR_ECLEVEL_M', 1);

/**
	 * Error correction level Q : About 25% or less errors can be corrected.
	 */
	define('QR_ECLEVEL_Q', 2);

/**
	 * Error correction level H : About 30% or less errors can be corrected.
	 */
	define('QR_ECLEVEL_H', 3);

// -----------------------------------------------------

// Version. Size of QRcode is defined as version.
	// Version is from 1 to 40.
	// Version 1 is 21*21 matrix. And 4 modules increases whenever 1 version increases.
	// So version 40 is 177*177 matrix.

/**
	 * Maximum QR Code version.
	 */
	define('QRSPEC_VERSION_MAX', 40);

/**
	 * Maximum matrix size for maximum version (version 40 is 177*177 matrix).
	 */
    define('QRSPEC_WIDTH_MAX', 177);

// -----------------------------------------------------

/**
	 * Matrix index to get width from $capacity array.
	 */
    define('QRCAP_WIDTH',    0);

/**
	 * Matrix index to get number of words from $capacity array.
	 */
    define('QRCAP_WORDS',    1);

/**
	 * Matrix index to get remainder from $capacity array.
	 */
    define('QRCAP_REMINDER', 2);

/**
	 * Matrix index to get error correction level from $capacity array.
	 */
    define('QRCAP_EC',       3);

// -----------------------------------------------------

// Structure (currently usupported)

/**
	 * Number of header bits for structured mode
	 */
    define('STRUCTURE_HEADER_BITS',  20);

/**
	 * Max number of symbols for structured mode
	 */
    define('MAX_STRUCTURED_SYMBOLS', 16);

// -----------------------------------------------------

// Masks

/**
	 * Down point base value for case 1 mask pattern (concatenation of same color in a line or a column)
	 */
    define('N1',  3);

/**
	 * Down point base value for case 2 mask pattern (module block of same color)
	 */
	define('N2',  3);

/**
	 * Down point base value for case 3 mask pattern (1:1:3:1:1(dark:bright:dark:bright:dark)pattern in a line or a column)
	 */
	define('N3', 40);

/**
	 * Down point base value for case 4 mask pattern (ration of dark modules in whole)
	 */
	define('N4', 10);

// -----------------------------------------------------

// Optimization settings

/**
	 * if true, estimates best mask (spec. default, but extremally slow; set to false to significant performance boost but (propably) worst quality code
	 */
	define('QR_FIND_BEST_MASK', true);

/**
	 * if false, checks all masks available, otherwise value tells count of masks need to be checked, mask id are got randomly
	 */
	define('QR_FIND_FROM_RANDOM', 2);

/**
	 * when QR_FIND_BEST_MASK === false
	 */
	define('QR_DEFAULT_MASK', 2);

// -----------------------------------------------------

} // end of definitions

/**
 * @class QRcode
 * Class to create QR-code arrays for TCPDF class.
 * QR Code symbol is a 2D barcode that can be scanned by handy terminals such as a mobile phone with CCD.
 * The capacity of QR Code is up to 7000 digits or 4000 characters, and has high robustness.
 * This class supports QR Code model 2, described in JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) X0510:2004 or ISO/IEC 18004.
 * Currently the following features are not supported: ECI and FNC1 mode, Micro QR Code, QR Code model 1, Structured mode.
 *
 * This class is derived from "PHP QR Code encoder" by Dominik Dzienia (http://phpqrcode.sourceforge.net/) based on "libqrencode C library 3.1.1." by Kentaro Fukuchi (http://megaui.net/fukuchi/works/qrencode/index.en.html), contains Reed-Solomon code written by Phil Karn, KA9Q. QR Code is registered trademark of DENSO WAVE INCORPORATED (http://www.denso-wave.com/qrcode/index-e.html).
 * Please read comments on this class source file for full copyright and license information.
 *
 * @package com.tecnick.tcpdf
 * @author Nicola Asuni
 * @version 1.0.010
 */
class QRcode {

/**
	 * Barcode array to be returned which is readable by TCPDF.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $barcode_array = array();

/**
	 * QR code version. Size of QRcode is defined as version. Version is from 1 to 40. Version 1 is 21*21 matrix. And 4 modules increases whenever 1 version increases. So version 40 is 177*177 matrix.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $version = 0;

/**
	 * Levels of error correction. See definitions for possible values.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $level = QR_ECLEVEL_L;

/**
	 * Encoding mode.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $hint = QR_MODE_8B;

/**
	 * Boolean flag, if true the input string will be converted to uppercase.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $casesensitive = true;

/**
	 * Structured QR code (not supported yet).
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $structured = 0;

/**
	 * Mask data.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $data;

// FrameFiller

/**
	 * Width.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $width;

/**
	 * Frame.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $frame;

/**
	 * X position of bit.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $x;

/**
	 * Y position of bit.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $y;

/**
	 * Direction.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $dir;

/**
	 * Single bit value.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $bit;

// ---- QRrawcode ----

/**
	 * Data code.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $datacode = array();

/**
	 * Error correction code.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $ecccode = array();

/**
	 * Blocks.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $blocks;

/**
	 * Reed-Solomon blocks.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $rsblocks = array(); //of RSblock

/**
	 * Counter.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $count;

/**
	 * Data length.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $dataLength;

/**
	 * Error correction length.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $eccLength;

/**
	 * Value b1.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $b1;

// ---- QRmask ----

/**
	 * Run length.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $runLength = array();

// ---- QRsplit ----

/**
	 * Input data string.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $dataStr = '';

/**
	 * Input items.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $items;

// Reed-Solomon items

/**
	 * Reed-Solomon items.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $rsitems = array();

/**
	 * Array of frames.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $frames = array();

/**
	 * Alphabet-numeric convesion table.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $anTable = array(
		-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, //
		-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, //
		36, -1, -1, -1, 37, 38, -1, -1, -1, -1, 39, 40, -1, 41, 42, 43, //
		 0,  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 44, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, //
		-1, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, //
		25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, //
		-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, //
		-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1  //
		);

/**
	 * Array Table of the capacity of symbols.
	 * See Table 1 (pp.13) and Table 12-16 (pp.30-36), JIS X0510:2004.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $capacity = array(
		array(  0,    0, 0, array(   0,    0,    0,    0)), //
		array( 21,   26, 0, array(   7,   10,   13,   17)), //  1
		array( 25,   44, 7, array(  10,   16,   22,   28)), //
		array( 29,   70, 7, array(  15,   26,   36,   44)), //
		array( 33,  100, 7, array(  20,   36,   52,   64)), //
		array( 37,  134, 7, array(  26,   48,   72,   88)), //  5
		array( 41,  172, 7, array(  36,   64,   96,  112)), //
		array( 45,  196, 0, array(  40,   72,  108,  130)), //
		array( 49,  242, 0, array(  48,   88,  132,  156)), //
		array( 53,  292, 0, array(  60,  110,  160,  192)), //
		array( 57,  346, 0, array(  72,  130,  192,  224)), // 10
		array( 61,  404, 0, array(  80,  150,  224,  264)), //
		array( 65,  466, 0, array(  96,  176,  260,  308)), //
		array( 69,  532, 0, array( 104,  198,  288,  352)), //
		array( 73,  581, 3, array( 120,  216,  320,  384)), //
		array( 77,  655, 3, array( 132,  240,  360,  432)), // 15
		array( 81,  733, 3, array( 144,  280,  408,  480)), //
		array( 85,  815, 3, array( 168,  308,  448,  532)), //
		array( 89,  901, 3, array( 180,  338,  504,  588)), //
		array( 93,  991, 3, array( 196,  364,  546,  650)), //
		array( 97, 1085, 3, array( 224,  416,  600,  700)), // 20
		array(101, 1156, 4, array( 224,  442,  644,  750)), //
		array(105, 1258, 4, array( 252,  476,  690,  816)), //
		array(109, 1364, 4, array( 270,  504,  750,  900)), //
		array(113, 1474, 4, array( 300,  560,  810,  960)), //
		array(117, 1588, 4, array( 312,  588,  870, 1050)), // 25
		array(121, 1706, 4, array( 336,  644,  952, 1110)), //
		array(125, 1828, 4, array( 360,  700, 1020, 1200)), //
		array(129, 1921, 3, array( 390,  728, 1050, 1260)), //
		array(133, 2051, 3, array( 420,  784, 1140, 1350)), //
		array(137, 2185, 3, array( 450,  812, 1200, 1440)), // 30
		array(141, 2323, 3, array( 480,  868, 1290, 1530)), //
		array(145, 2465, 3, array( 510,  924, 1350, 1620)), //
		array(149, 2611, 3, array( 540,  980, 1440, 1710)), //
		array(153, 2761, 3, array( 570, 1036, 1530, 1800)), //
		array(157, 2876, 0, array( 570, 1064, 1590, 1890)), // 35
		array(161, 3034, 0, array( 600, 1120, 1680, 1980)), //
		array(165, 3196, 0, array( 630, 1204, 1770, 2100)), //
		array(169, 3362, 0, array( 660, 1260, 1860, 2220)), //
		array(173, 3532, 0, array( 720, 1316, 1950, 2310)), //
		array(177, 3706, 0, array( 750, 1372, 2040, 2430))  // 40
	);

/**
	 * Array Length indicator.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $lengthTableBits = array(
		array(10, 12, 14),
		array( 9, 11, 13),
		array( 8, 16, 16),
		array( 8, 10, 12)
	);

/**
	 * Array Table of the error correction code (Reed-Solomon block).
	 * See Table 12-16 (pp.30-36), JIS X0510:2004.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $eccTable = array(
		array(array( 0,  0), array( 0,  0), array( 0,  0), array( 0,  0)), //
		array(array( 1,  0), array( 1,  0), array( 1,  0), array( 1,  0)), //  1
		array(array( 1,  0), array( 1,  0), array( 1,  0), array( 1,  0)), //
		array(array( 1,  0), array( 1,  0), array( 2,  0), array( 2,  0)), //
		array(array( 1,  0), array( 2,  0), array( 2,  0), array( 4,  0)), //
		array(array( 1,  0), array( 2,  0), array( 2,  2), array( 2,  2)), //  5
		array(array( 2,  0), array( 4,  0), array( 4,  0), array( 4,  0)), //
		array(array( 2,  0), array( 4,  0), array( 2,  4), array( 4,  1)), //
		array(array( 2,  0), array( 2,  2), array( 4,  2), array( 4,  2)), //
		array(array( 2,  0), array( 3,  2), array( 4,  4), array( 4,  4)), //
		array(array( 2,  2), array( 4,  1), array( 6,  2), array( 6,  2)), // 10
		array(array( 4,  0), array( 1,  4), array( 4,  4), array( 3,  8)), //
		array(array( 2,  2), array( 6,  2), array( 4,  6), array( 7,  4)), //
		array(array( 4,  0), array( 8,  1), array( 8,  4), array(12,  4)), //
		array(array( 3,  1), array( 4,  5), array(11,  5), array(11,  5)), //
		array(array( 5,  1), array( 5,  5), array( 5,  7), array(11,  7)), // 15
		array(array( 5,  1), array( 7,  3), array(15,  2), array( 3, 13)), //
		array(array( 1,  5), array(10,  1), array( 1, 15), array( 2, 17)), //
		array(array( 5,  1), array( 9,  4), array(17,  1), array( 2, 19)), //
		array(array( 3,  4), array( 3, 11), array(17,  4), array( 9, 16)), //
		array(array( 3,  5), array( 3, 13), array(15,  5), array(15, 10)), // 20
		array(array( 4,  4), array(17,  0), array(17,  6), array(19,  6)), //
		array(array( 2,  7), array(17,  0), array( 7, 16), array(34,  0)), //
		array(array( 4,  5), array( 4, 14), array(11, 14), array(16, 14)), //
		array(array( 6,  4), array( 6, 14), array(11, 16), array(30,  2)), //
		array(array( 8,  4), array( 8, 13), array( 7, 22), array(22, 13)), // 25
		array(array(10,  2), array(19,  4), array(28,  6), array(33,  4)), //
		array(array( 8,  4), array(22,  3), array( 8, 26), array(12, 28)), //
		array(array( 3, 10), array( 3, 23), array( 4, 31), array(11, 31)), //
		array(array( 7,  7), array(21,  7), array( 1, 37), array(19, 26)), //
		array(array( 5, 10), array(19, 10), array(15, 25), array(23, 25)), // 30
		array(array(13,  3), array( 2, 29), array(42,  1), array(23, 28)), //
		array(array(17,  0), array(10, 23), array(10, 35), array(19, 35)), //
		array(array(17,  1), array(14, 21), array(29, 19), array(11, 46)), //
		array(array(13,  6), array(14, 23), array(44,  7), array(59,  1)), //
		array(array(12,  7), array(12, 26), array(39, 14), array(22, 41)), // 35
		array(array( 6, 14), array( 6, 34), array(46, 10), array( 2, 64)), //
		array(array(17,  4), array(29, 14), array(49, 10), array(24, 46)), //
		array(array( 4, 18), array(13, 32), array(48, 14), array(42, 32)), //
		array(array(20,  4), array(40,  7), array(43, 22), array(10, 67)), //
		array(array(19,  6), array(18, 31), array(34, 34), array(20, 61))  // 40
	);

/**
	 * Array Positions of alignment patterns.
	 * This array includes only the second and the third position of the alignment patterns. Rest of them can be calculated from the distance between them.
	 * See Table 1 in Appendix E (pp.71) of JIS X0510:2004.
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $alignmentPattern = array(
		array( 0,  0),
		array( 0,  0), array(18,  0), array(22,  0), array(26,  0), array(30,  0), //  1- 5
		array(34,  0), array(22, 38), array(24, 42), array(26, 46), array(28, 50), //  6-10
		array(30, 54), array(32, 58), array(34, 62), array(26, 46), array(26, 48), // 11-15
		array(26, 50), array(30, 54), array(30, 56), array(30, 58), array(34, 62), // 16-20
		array(28, 50), array(26, 50), array(30, 54), array(28, 54), array(32, 58), // 21-25
		array(30, 58), array(34, 62), array(26, 50), array(30, 54), array(26, 52), // 26-30
		array(30, 56), array(34, 60), array(30, 58), array(34, 62), array(30, 54), // 31-35
		array(24, 50), array(28, 54), array(32, 58), array(26, 54), array(30, 58)  // 35-40
	);

/**
	 * Array Version information pattern (BCH coded).
	 * See Table 1 in Appendix D (pp.68) of JIS X0510:2004.
	 * size: [QRSPEC_VERSION_MAX - 6]
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $versionPattern = array(
		0x07c94, 0x085bc, 0x09a99, 0x0a4d3, 0x0bbf6, 0x0c762, 0x0d847, 0x0e60d, //
		0x0f928, 0x10b78, 0x1145d, 0x12a17, 0x13532, 0x149a6, 0x15683, 0x168c9, //
		0x177ec, 0x18ec4, 0x191e1, 0x1afab, 0x1b08e, 0x1cc1a, 0x1d33f, 0x1ed75, //
		0x1f250, 0x209d5, 0x216f0, 0x228ba, 0x2379f, 0x24b0b, 0x2542e, 0x26a64, //
		0x27541, 0x28c69
	);

/**
	 * Array Format information
	 * @protected
	 */
	protected $formatInfo = array(
		array(0x77c4, 0x72f3, 0x7daa, 0x789d, 0x662f, 0x6318, 0x6c41, 0x6976), //
		array(0x5412, 0x5125, 0x5e7c, 0x5b4b, 0x45f9, 0x40ce, 0x4f97, 0x4aa0), //
		array(0x355f, 0x3068, 0x3f31, 0x3a06, 0x24b4, 0x2183, 0x2eda, 0x2bed), //
		array(0x1689, 0x13be, 0x1ce7, 0x19d0, 0x0762, 0x0255, 0x0d0c, 0x083b)  //
	);

// -------------------------------------------------
	// -------------------------------------------------

/**
	 * This is the class constructor.
	 * Creates a QRcode object
	 * @param string $code code to represent using QRcode
	 * @param string $eclevel error level: <ul><li>L : About 7% or less errors can be corrected.</li><li>M : About 15% or less errors can be corrected.</li><li>Q : About 25% or less errors can be corrected.</li><li>H : About 30% or less errors can be corrected.</li></ul>
	 * @public
	 * @since 1.0.000
	 */
	public function __construct($code, $eclevel = 'L') {
		$barcode_array = array();
		if ((is_null($code)) OR ($code == '\0') OR ($code == '')) {
			return false;
		}
		// set error correction level
		$this->level = array_search($eclevel, array('L', 'M', 'Q', 'H'));
		if ($this->level === false) {
			$this->level = QR_ECLEVEL_L;
		}
		if (($this->hint != QR_MODE_8B) AND ($this->hint != QR_MODE_KJ)) {
			return false;
		}
		if (($this->version < 0) OR ($this->version > QRSPEC_VERSION_MAX)) {
			return false;
		}
		$this->items = array();
		$this->encodeString($code);
		if (is_null($this->data)) {
			return false;
		}
		$qrTab = $this->binarize($this->data);
		$size = count($qrTab);
		$barcode_array['num_rows'] = $size;
		$barcode_array['num_cols'] = $size;
		$barcode_array['bcode'] = array();
		foreach ($qrTab as $line) {
			$arrAdd = array();
			foreach (str_split($line) as $char) {
				$arrAdd[] = ($char=='1')?1:0;
			}
			$barcode_array['bcode'][] = $arrAdd;
		}
		$this->barcode_array = $barcode_array;
	}

/**
	 * Returns a barcode array which is readable by TCPDF
	 * @return array barcode array readable by TCPDF;
	 * @public
	 */
	public function getBarcodeArray() {
		return $this->barcode_array;
	}

/**
	 * Convert the frame in binary form
	 * @param array $frame array to binarize
	 * @return array frame in binary form
	 */
	protected function binarize($frame) {
		$len = count($frame);
		// the frame is square (width = height)
		foreach ($frame as &$frameLine) {
			for ($i=0; $i<$len; $i++) {
				$frameLine[$i] = (ord($frameLine[$i])&1)?'1':'0';
			}
		}
		return $frame;
	}

/**
	 * Encode the input string to QR code
	 * @param string $string input string to encode
	 */
	protected function encodeString($string) {
		$this->dataStr = $string;
		if (!$this->casesensitive) {
			$this->toUpper();
		}
		$ret = $this->splitString();
		if ($ret < 0) {
			return NULL;
		}
		$this->encodeMask(-1);
	}

/**
	 * Encode mask
	 * @param int $mask masking mode
	 */
	protected function encodeMask($mask) {
		$spec = array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
		$this->datacode = $this->getByteStream($this->items);

if (is_null($this->datacode)) {
			return NULL;
		}
		$spec = $this->getEccSpec($this->version, $this->level, $spec);
		$this->b1 = $this->rsBlockNum1($spec);
		$this->dataLength = $this->rsDataLength($spec);
		$this->eccLength = $this->rsEccLength($spec);
		$this->ecccode = array_fill(0, $this->eccLength, 0);
		$this->blocks = $this->rsBlockNum($spec);
		$ret = $this->init($spec);
		if ($ret < 0) {
			return NULL;
		}
		$this->count = 0;
		$this->width = $this->getWidth($this->version);
		$this->frame = $this->newFrame($this->version);
		$this->x = $this->width - 1;
		$this->y = $this->width - 1;
		$this->dir = -1;
		$this->bit = -1;
		// inteleaved data and ecc codes
		for ($i=0; $i < ($this->dataLength + $this->eccLength); $i++) {
			$code = $this->getCode();
			$bit = 0x80;
			for ($j=0; $j<8; $j++) {
				$addr = $this->getNextPosition();
				$this->setFrameAt($addr, 0x02 | (($bit & $code) != 0));
				$bit = $bit >> 1;
			}
		}
		// remainder bits
		$j = $this->getRemainder($this->version);
		for ($i=0; $i<$j; $i++) {
			$addr = $this->getNextPosition();
			$this->setFrameAt($addr, 0x02);
		}
		// masking
		$this->runLength = array_fill(0, QRSPEC_WIDTH_MAX + 1, 0);
		if ($mask < 0) {
			if (QR_FIND_BEST_MASK) {
				$masked = $this->mask($this->width, $this->frame, $this->level);
			} else {
				$masked = $this->makeMask($this->width, $this->frame, (intval(QR_DEFAULT_MASK) % 8), $this->level);
			}
		} else {
			$masked = $this->makeMask($this->width, $this->frame, $mask, $this->level);
		}
		if ($masked == NULL) {
			return NULL;
		}
		$this->data = $masked;
	}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// FrameFiller

/**
	 * Set frame value at specified position
	 * @param array $at x,y position
	 * @param int $val value of the character to set
	 */
	protected function setFrameAt($at, $val) {
		$this->frame[$at['y']][$at['x']] = chr($val);
	}

/**
	 * Get frame value at specified position
	 * @param array $at x,y position
	 * @return value at specified position
	 */
	protected function getFrameAt($at) {
		return ord($this->frame[$at['y']][$at['x']]);
	}

/**
	 * Return the next frame position
	 * @return array of x,y coordinates
	 */
	protected function getNextPosition() {
		do {
			if ($this->bit == -1) {
				$this->bit = 0;
				return array('x'=>$this->x, 'y'=>$this->y);
			}
			$x = $this->x;
			$y = $this->y;
			$w = $this->width;
			if ($this->bit == 0) {
				$x--;
				$this->bit++;
			} else {
				$x++;
				$y += $this->dir;
				$this->bit--;
			}
			if ($this->dir < 0) {
				if ($y < 0) {
					$y = 0;
					$x -= 2;
					$this->dir = 1;
					if ($x == 6) {
						$x--;
						$y = 9;
					}
				}
			} else {
				if ($y == $w) {
					$y = $w - 1;
					$x -= 2;
					$this->dir = -1;
					if ($x == 6) {
						$x--;
						$y -= 8;
					}
				}
			}
			if (($x < 0) OR ($y < 0)) {
				return NULL;
			}
			$this->x = $x;
			$this->y = $y;
		} while(ord($this->frame[$y][$x]) & 0x80);
		return array('x'=>$x, 'y'=>$y);
	}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// QRrawcode

/**
	 * Initialize code.
	 * @param array $spec array of ECC specification
	 * @return int 0 in case of success, -1 in case of error
	 */
	protected function init($spec) {
		$dl = $this->rsDataCodes1($spec);
		$el = $this->rsEccCodes1($spec);
		$rs = $this->init_rs(8, 0x11d, 0, 1, $el, 255 - $dl - $el);
		$blockNo = 0;
		$dataPos = 0;
		$eccPos = 0;
		$endfor = $this->rsBlockNum1($spec);
		for ($i=0; $i < $endfor; ++$i) {
			$ecc = array_slice($this->ecccode, $eccPos);
			$this->rsblocks[$blockNo] = array();
			$this->rsblocks[$blockNo]['dataLength'] = $dl;
			$this->rsblocks[$blockNo]['data'] = array_slice($this->datacode, $dataPos);
			$this->rsblocks[$blockNo]['eccLength'] = $el;
			$ecc = $this->encode_rs_char($rs, $this->rsblocks[$blockNo]['data'], $ecc);
			$this->rsblocks[$blockNo]['ecc'] = $ecc;
			$this->ecccode = array_merge(array_slice($this->ecccode,0, $eccPos), $ecc);
			$dataPos += $dl;
			$eccPos += $el;
			$blockNo++;
		}
		if ($this->rsBlockNum2($spec) == 0) {
			return 0;
		}
		$dl = $this->rsDataCodes2($spec);
		$el = $this->rsEccCodes2($spec);
		$rs = $this->init_rs(8, 0x11d, 0, 1, $el, 255 - $dl - $el);
		if ($rs == NULL) {
			return -1;
		}
		$endfor = $this->rsBlockNum2($spec);
		for ($i=0; $i < $endfor; ++$i) {
			$ecc = array_slice($this->ecccode, $eccPos);
			$this->rsblocks[$blockNo] = array();
			$this->rsblocks[$blockNo]['dataLength'] = $dl;
			$this->rsblocks[$blockNo]['data'] = array_slice($this->datacode, $dataPos);
			$this->rsblocks[$blockNo]['eccLength'] = $el;
			$ecc = $this->encode_rs_char($rs, $this->rsblocks[$blockNo]['data'], $ecc);
			$this->rsblocks[$blockNo]['ecc'] = $ecc;
			$this->ecccode = array_merge(array_slice($this->ecccode, 0, $eccPos), $ecc);
			$dataPos += $dl;
			$eccPos += $el;
			$blockNo++;
		}
		return 0;
	}

/**
	 * Return Reed-Solomon block code.
	 * @return array rsblocks
	 */
	protected function getCode() {
		if ($this->count < $this->dataLength) {
			$row = $this->count % $this->blocks;
			$col = $this->count / $this->blocks;
			if ($col >= $this->rsblocks[0]['dataLength']) {
				$row += $this->b1;
			}
			$ret = $this->rsblocks[$row]['data'][$col];
		} elseif ($this->count < $this->dataLength + $this->eccLength) {
			$row = ($this->count - $this->dataLength) % $this->blocks;
			$col = ($this->count - $this->dataLength) / $this->blocks;
			$ret = $this->rsblocks[$row]['ecc'][$col];
		} else {
			return 0;
		}
		$this->count++;
		return $ret;
	}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// QRmask

/**
	 * Write Format Information on frame and returns the number of black bits
	 * @param int $width frame width
	 * @param array $frame frame
	 * @param array $mask masking mode
	 * @param int $level error correction level
	 * @return int blacks
	 */
	 protected function writeFormatInformation($width, &$frame, $mask, $level) {
		$blacks = 0;
		$format =  $this->getFormatInfo($mask, $level);
		for ($i=0; $i<8; ++$i) {
			if ($format & 1) {
				$blacks += 2;
				$v = 0x85;
			} else {
				$v = 0x84;
			}
			$frame[8][$width - 1 - $i] = chr($v);
			if ($i < 6) {
				$frame[$i][8] = chr($v);
			} else {
				$frame[$i + 1][8] = chr($v);
			}
			$format = $format >> 1;
		}
		for ($i=0; $i<7; ++$i) {
		if ($format & 1) {
			$blacks += 2;
			$v = 0x85;
		} else {
			$v = 0x84;
		}
		$frame[$width - 7 + $i][8] = chr($v);
		if ($i == 0) {
			$frame[8][7] = chr($v);
		} else {
			$frame[8][6 - $i] = chr($v);
		}
		$format = $format >> 1;
		}
		return $blacks;
	}

/**
	 * mask0
	 * @param int $x X position
	 * @param int $y Y position
	 * @return int mask
	 */
	 protected function mask0($x, $y) {
		return ($x + $y) & 1;
	}

/**
	 * mask1
	 * @param int $x X position
	 * @param int $y Y position
	 * @return int mask
	 */
	 protected function mask1($x, $y) {
		return ($y & 1);
	}

/**
	 * mask2
	 * @param int $x X position
	 * @param int $y Y position
	 * @return int mask
	 */
	 protected function mask2($x, $y) {
		return ($x % 3);
	}

/**
	 * mask3
	 * @param int $x X position
	 * @param int $y Y position
	 * @return int mask
	 */
	 protected function mask3($x, $y) {
		return ($x + $y) % 3;
	}

/**
	 * mask4
	 * @param int $x X position
	 * @param int $y Y position
	 * @return int mask
	 */
	 protected function mask4($x, $y) {
		return (((int)($y / 2)) + ((int)($x / 3))) & 1;
	}

/**
	 * mask5
	 * @param int $x X position
	 * @param int $y Y position
	 * @return int mask
	 */
	 protected function mask5($x, $y) {
		return (($x * $y) & 1) + ($x * $y) % 3;
	}

/**
	 * mask6
	 * @param int $x X position
	 * @param int $y Y position
	 * @return int mask
	 */
	 protected function mask6($x, $y) {
		return ((($x * $y) & 1) + ($x * $y) % 3) & 1;
	}

/**
	 * mask7
	 * @param int $x X position
	 * @param int $y Y position
	 * @return int mask
	 */
	 protected function mask7($x, $y) {
		return ((($x * $y) % 3) + (($x + $y) & 1)) & 1;
	}

/**
	 * Return bitmask
	 * @param int $maskNo mask number
	 * @param int $width width
	 * @param array $frame frame
	 * @return array bitmask
	 */
	protected function generateMaskNo($maskNo, $width, $frame) {
		$bitMask = array_fill(0, $width, array_fill(0, $width, 0));
		for ($y=0; $y<$width; ++$y) {
			for ($x=0; $x<$width; ++$x) {
				if (ord($frame[$y][$x]) & 0x80) {
					$bitMask[$y][$x] = 0;
				} else {
					$maskFunc = call_user_func(array($this, 'mask'.$maskNo), $x, $y);
					$bitMask[$y][$x] = ($maskFunc == 0)?1:0;
				}
			}
		}
		return $bitMask;
	}

/**
	 * makeMaskNo
	 * @param int $maskNo
	 * @param int $width
	 * @param int $s
	 * @param int $d
	 * @param boolean $maskGenOnly
	 * @return int b
	 */
	 protected function makeMaskNo($maskNo, $width, $s, &$d, $maskGenOnly=false) {
		$b = 0;
		$bitMask = array();
		$bitMask = $this->generateMaskNo($maskNo, $width, $s, $d);
		if ($maskGenOnly) {
			return;
		}
		$d = $s;
		for ($y=0; $y<$width; ++$y) {
			for ($x=0; $x<$width; ++$x) {
				if ($bitMask[$y][$x] == 1) {
					$d[$y][$x] = chr(ord($s[$y][$x]) ^ ((int)($bitMask[$y][$x])));
				}
				$b += (int)(ord($d[$y][$x]) & 1);
			}
		}
		return $b;
	}

/**
	 * makeMask
	 * @param int $width
	 * @param array $frame
	 * @param int $maskNo
	 * @param int $level
	 * @return array mask
	 */
	 protected function makeMask($width, $frame, $maskNo, $level) {
		$masked = array_fill(0, $width, str_repeat("\0", $width));
		$this->makeMaskNo($maskNo, $width, $frame, $masked);
		$this->writeFormatInformation($width, $masked, $maskNo, $level);
		return $masked;
	}

/**
	 * calcN1N3
	 * @param int $length
	 * @return int demerit
	 */
	 protected function calcN1N3($length) {
		$demerit = 0;
		for ($i=0; $i<$length; ++$i) {
			if ($this->runLength[$i] >= 5) {
				$demerit += (N1 + ($this->runLength[$i] - 5));
			}
			if ($i & 1) {
				if (($i >= 3) AND ($i < ($length-2)) AND ($this->runLength[$i] % 3 == 0)) {
					$fact = (int)($this->runLength[$i] / 3);
					if (($this->runLength[$i-2] == $fact)
						AND ($this->runLength[$i-1] == $fact)
						AND ($this->runLength[$i+1] == $fact)
						AND ($this->runLength[$i+2] == $fact)) {
						if (($this->runLength[$i-3] < 0) OR ($this->runLength[$i-3] >= (4 * $fact))) {
							$demerit += N3;
						} elseif ((($i+3) >= $length) OR ($this->runLength[$i+3] >= (4 * $fact))) {
							$demerit += N3;
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return $demerit;
	}

/**
	 * evaluateSymbol
	 * @param int $width
	 * @param array $frame
	 * @return int demerit
	 */
	 protected function evaluateSymbol($width, $frame) {
		$head = 0;
		$demerit = 0;
		for ($y=0; $y<$width; ++$y) {
			$head = 0;
			$this->runLength[0] = 1;
			$frameY = $frame[$y];
			if ($y > 0) {
				$frameYM = $frame[$y-1];
			}
			for ($x=0; $x<$width; ++$x) {
				if (($x > 0) AND ($y > 0)) {
					$b22 = ord($frameY[$x]) & ord($frameY[$x-1]) & ord($frameYM[$x]) & ord($frameYM[$x-1]);
					$w22 = ord($frameY[$x]) | ord($frameY[$x-1]) | ord($frameYM[$x]) | ord($frameYM[$x-1]);
					if (($b22 | ($w22 ^ 1)) & 1) {
						$demerit += N2;
					}
				}
				if (($x == 0) AND (ord($frameY[$x]) & 1)) {
					$this->runLength[0] = -1;
					$head = 1;
					$this->runLength[$head] = 1;
				} elseif ($x > 0) {
					if ((ord($frameY[$x]) ^ ord($frameY[$x-1])) & 1) {
						$head++;
						$this->runLength[$head] = 1;
					} else {
						$this->runLength[$head]++;
					}
				}
			}
			$demerit += $this->calcN1N3($head+1);
		}
		for ($x=0; $x<$width; ++$x) {
			$head = 0;
			$this->runLength[0] = 1;
			for ($y=0; $y<$width; ++$y) {
				if (($y == 0) AND (ord($frame[$y][$x]) & 1)) {
					$this->runLength[0] = -1;
					$head = 1;
					$this->runLength[$head] = 1;
				} elseif ($y > 0) {
					if ((ord($frame[$y][$x]) ^ ord($frame[$y-1][$x])) & 1) {
						$head++;
						$this->runLength[$head] = 1;
					} else {
						$this->runLength[$head]++;
					}
				}
			}
			$demerit += $this->calcN1N3($head+1);
		}
		return $demerit;
	}

/**
	 * mask
	 * @param int $width
	 * @param array $frame
	 * @param int $level
	 * @return array best mask
	 */
	 protected function mask($width, $frame, $level) {
		$minDemerit = PHP_INT_MAX;
		$bestMaskNum = 0;
		$bestMask = array();
		$checked_masks = array(0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7);
		if (QR_FIND_FROM_RANDOM !== false) {
			$howManuOut = 8 - (QR_FIND_FROM_RANDOM % 9);
			for ($i = 0; $i <  $howManuOut; ++$i) {
				$remPos = rand (0, count($checked_masks)-1);
				unset($checked_masks[$remPos]);
				$checked_masks = array_values($checked_masks);
			}
		}
		$bestMask = $frame;
		foreach ($checked_masks as $i) {
			$mask = array_fill(0, $width, str_repeat("\0", $width));
			$demerit = 0;
			$blacks = 0;
			$blacks  = $this->makeMaskNo($i, $width, $frame, $mask);
			$blacks += $this->writeFormatInformation($width, $mask, $i, $level);
			$blacks  = (int)(100 * $blacks / ($width * $width));
			$demerit = (int)((int)(abs($blacks - 50) / 5) * N4);
			$demerit += $this->evaluateSymbol($width, $mask);
			if ($demerit < $minDemerit) {
				$minDemerit = $demerit;
				$bestMask = $mask;
				$bestMaskNum = $i;
			}
		}
		return $bestMask;
	}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// QRsplit

/**
	 * Return true if the character at specified position is a number
	 * @param string $str string
	 * @param int $pos characted position
	 * @return boolean true of false
	 */
	 protected function isdigitat($str, $pos) {
		if ($pos >= strlen($str)) {
			return false;
		}
		return ((ord($str[$pos]) >= ord('0'))&&(ord($str[$pos]) <= ord('9')));
	}

/**
	 * Return true if the character at specified position is an alphanumeric character
	 * @param string $str string
	 * @param int $pos characted position
	 * @return boolean true of false
	 */
	 protected function isalnumat($str, $pos) {
		if ($pos >= strlen($str)) {
			return false;
		}
		return ($this->lookAnTable(ord($str[$pos])) >= 0);
	}

/**
	 * identifyMode
	 * @param int $pos
	 * @return int mode
	 */
	 protected function identifyMode($pos) {
		if ($pos >= strlen($this->dataStr)) {
			return QR_MODE_NL;
		}
		$c = $this->dataStr[$pos];
		if ($this->isdigitat($this->dataStr, $pos)) {
			return QR_MODE_NM;
		} elseif ($this->isalnumat($this->dataStr, $pos)) {
			return QR_MODE_AN;
		} elseif ($this->hint == QR_MODE_KJ) {
			if ($pos+1 < strlen($this->dataStr)) {
				$d = $this->dataStr[$pos+1];
				$word = (ord($c) << 8) | ord($d);
				if (($word >= 0x8140 && $word <= 0x9ffc) OR ($word >= 0xe040 && $word <= 0xebbf)) {
					return QR_MODE_KJ;
				}
			}
		}
		return QR_MODE_8B;
	}

/**
	 * eatNum
	 * @return int run
	 */
	 protected function eatNum() {
		$ln = $this->lengthIndicator(QR_MODE_NM, $this->version);
		$p = 0;
		while($this->isdigitat($this->dataStr, $p)) {
			$p++;
		}
		$run = $p;
		$mode = $this->identifyMode($p);
		if ($mode == QR_MODE_8B) {
			$dif = $this->estimateBitsModeNum($run) + 4 + $ln
			+ $this->estimateBitsMode8(1)         // + 4 + l8
			- $this->estimateBitsMode8($run + 1); // - 4 - l8
			if ($dif > 0) {
				return $this->eat8();
			}
		}
		if ($mode == QR_MODE_AN) {
			$dif = $this->estimateBitsModeNum($run) + 4 + $ln
			+ $this->estimateBitsModeAn(1)        // + 4 + la
			- $this->estimateBitsModeAn($run + 1);// - 4 - la
			if ($dif > 0) {
				return $this->eatAn();
			}
		}
		$this->items = $this->appendNewInputItem($this->items, QR_MODE_NM, $run, str_split($this->dataStr));
		return $run;
	}

/**
	 * eatAn
	 * @return int run
	 */
	 protected function eatAn() {
		$la = $this->lengthIndicator(QR_MODE_AN,  $this->version);
		$ln = $this->lengthIndicator(QR_MODE_NM, $this->version);
		$p =1 ;
		while($this->isalnumat($this->dataStr, $p)) {
			if ($this->isdigitat($this->dataStr, $p)) {
				$q = $p;
				while($this->isdigitat($this->dataStr, $q)) {
					$q++;
				}
				$dif = $this->estimateBitsModeAn($p) // + 4 + la
				+ $this->estimateBitsModeNum($q - $p) + 4 + $ln
				- $this->estimateBitsModeAn($q); // - 4 - la
				if ($dif < 0) {
					break;
				} else {
					$p = $q;
				}
			} else {
				$p++;
			}
		}
		$run = $p;
		if (!$this->isalnumat($this->dataStr, $p)) {
			$dif = $this->estimateBitsModeAn($run) + 4 + $la
			+ $this->estimateBitsMode8(1) // + 4 + l8
			- $this->estimateBitsMode8($run + 1); // - 4 - l8
			if ($dif > 0) {
				return $this->eat8();
			}
		}
		$this->items = $this->appendNewInputItem($this->items, QR_MODE_AN, $run, str_split($this->dataStr));
		return $run;
	}

/**
	 * eatKanji
	 * @return int run
	 */
	 protected function eatKanji() {
		$p = 0;
		while($this->identifyMode($p) == QR_MODE_KJ) {
			$p += 2;
		}
		$this->items = $this->appendNewInputItem($this->items, QR_MODE_KJ, $p, str_split($this->dataStr));
		$run = $p;
		return $run;
	}

/**
	 * eat8
	 * @return int run
	 */
	 protected function eat8() {
		$la = $this->lengthIndicator(QR_MODE_AN, $this->version);
		$ln = $this->lengthIndicator(QR_MODE_NM, $this->version);
		$p = 1;
		$dataStrLen = strlen($this->dataStr);
		while($p < $dataStrLen) {
			$mode = $this->identifyMode($p);
			if ($mode == QR_MODE_KJ) {
				break;
			}
			if ($mode == QR_MODE_NM) {
				$q = $p;
				while($this->isdigitat($this->dataStr, $q)) {
					$q++;
				}
				$dif = $this->estimateBitsMode8($p) // + 4 + l8
				+ $this->estimateBitsModeNum($q - $p) + 4 + $ln
				- $this->estimateBitsMode8($q); // - 4 - l8
				if ($dif < 0) {
					break;
				} else {
					$p = $q;
				}
			} elseif ($mode == QR_MODE_AN) {
				$q = $p;
				while($this->isalnumat($this->dataStr, $q)) {
					$q++;
				}
				$dif = $this->estimateBitsMode8($p)  // + 4 + l8
				+ $this->estimateBitsModeAn($q - $p) + 4 + $la
				- $this->estimateBitsMode8($q); // - 4 - l8
				if ($dif < 0) {
					break;
				} else {
					$p = $q;
				}
			} else {
				$p++;
			}
		}
		$run = $p;
		$this->items = $this->appendNewInputItem($this->items, QR_MODE_8B, $run, str_split($this->dataStr));
		return $run;
	}

/**
	 * splitString
	 * @return int
	 */
	 protected function splitString() {
		while (strlen($this->dataStr) > 0) {
			$mode = $this->identifyMode(0);
			switch ($mode) {
				case QR_MODE_NM: {
					$length = $this->eatNum();
					break;
				}
				case QR_MODE_AN: {
					$length = $this->eatAn();
					break;
				}
				case QR_MODE_KJ: {
					if ($this->hint == QR_MODE_KJ) {
						$length = $this->eatKanji();
					} else {
						$length = $this->eat8();
					}
					break;
				}
				default: {
					$length = $this->eat8();
					break;
				}
			}
			if ($length == 0) {
				return 0;
			}
			if ($length < 0) {
				return -1;
			}
			$this->dataStr = substr($this->dataStr, $length);
		}
		return 0;
	}

/**
	 * toUpper
	 */
	 protected function toUpper() {
		$stringLen = strlen($this->dataStr);
		$p = 0;
		while ($p < $stringLen) {
			$mode = $this->identifyMode(substr($this->dataStr, $p), $this->hint);
			if ($mode == QR_MODE_KJ) {
				$p += 2;
			} else {
				if ((ord($this->dataStr[$p]) >= ord('a')) AND (ord($this->dataStr[$p]) <= ord('z'))) {
					$this->dataStr[$p] = chr(ord($this->dataStr[$p]) - 32);
				}
				$p++;
			}
		}
		return $this->dataStr;
	}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// QRinputItem

/**
	 * newInputItem
	 * @param int $mode
	 * @param int $size
	 * @param array $data
	 * @param array $bstream
	 * @return array input item
	 */
	 protected function newInputItem($mode, $size, $data, $bstream=null) {
		$setData = array_slice($data, 0, $size);
		if (count($setData) < $size) {
			$setData = array_merge($setData, array_fill(0, ($size - count($setData)), 0));
		}
		if (!$this->check($mode, $size, $setData)) {
			return NULL;
		}
		$inputitem = array();
		$inputitem['mode'] = $mode;
		$inputitem['size'] = $size;
		$inputitem['data'] = $setData;
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $bstream;
		return $inputitem;
	}

/**
	 * encodeModeNum
	 * @param array $inputitem
	 * @param int $version
	 * @return array input item
	 */
	 protected function encodeModeNum($inputitem, $version) {
		$words = (int)($inputitem['size'] / 3);
		$inputitem['bstream'] = array();
		$val = 0x1;
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 4, $val);
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], $this->lengthIndicator(QR_MODE_NM, $version), $inputitem['size']);
		for ($i=0; $i < $words; ++$i) {
			$val  = (ord($inputitem['data'][$i*3  ]) - ord('0')) * 100;
			$val += (ord($inputitem['data'][$i*3+1]) - ord('0')) * 10;
			$val += (ord($inputitem['data'][$i*3+2]) - ord('0'));
			$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 10, $val);
		}
		if ($inputitem['size'] - $words * 3 == 1) {
			$val = ord($inputitem['data'][$words*3]) - ord('0');
			$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 4, $val);
		} elseif (($inputitem['size'] - ($words * 3)) == 2) {
			$val  = (ord($inputitem['data'][$words*3  ]) - ord('0')) * 10;
			$val += (ord($inputitem['data'][$words*3+1]) - ord('0'));
			$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 7, $val);
		}
		return $inputitem;
	}

/**
	 * encodeModeAn
	 * @param array $inputitem
	 * @param int $version
	 * @return array input item
	 */
	 protected function encodeModeAn($inputitem, $version) {
		$words = (int)($inputitem['size'] / 2);
		$inputitem['bstream'] = array();
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 4, 0x02);
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], $this->lengthIndicator(QR_MODE_AN, $version), $inputitem['size']);
		for ($i=0; $i < $words; ++$i) {
			$val  = (int)($this->lookAnTable(ord($inputitem['data'][$i*2])) * 45);
			$val += (int)($this->lookAnTable(ord($inputitem['data'][($i*2)+1])));
			$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 11, $val);
		}
		if ($inputitem['size'] & 1) {
			$val = $this->lookAnTable(ord($inputitem['data'][($words * 2)]));
			$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 6, $val);
		}
		return $inputitem;
	}

/**
	 * encodeMode8
	 * @param array $inputitem
	 * @param int $version
	 * @return array input item
	 */
	 protected function encodeMode8($inputitem, $version) {
		$inputitem['bstream'] = array();
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 4, 0x4);
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], $this->lengthIndicator(QR_MODE_8B, $version), $inputitem['size']);
		for ($i=0; $i < $inputitem['size']; ++$i) {
			$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 8, ord($inputitem['data'][$i]));
		}
		return $inputitem;
	}

/**
	 * encodeModeKanji
	 * @param array $inputitem
	 * @param int $version
	 * @return array input item
	 */
	 protected function encodeModeKanji($inputitem, $version) {
		$inputitem['bstream'] = array();
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 4, 0x8);
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], $this->lengthIndicator(QR_MODE_KJ, $version), (int)($inputitem['size'] / 2));
		for ($i=0; $i<$inputitem['size']; $i+=2) {
			$val = (ord($inputitem['data'][$i]) << 8) | ord($inputitem['data'][$i+1]);
			if ($val <= 0x9ffc) {
				$val -= 0x8140;
			} else {
				$val -= 0xc140;
			}
			$h = ($val >> 8) * 0xc0;
			$val = ($val & 0xff) + $h;
			$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 13, $val);
		}
		return $inputitem;
	}

/**
	 * encodeModeStructure
	 * @param array $inputitem
	 * @return array input item
	 */
	 protected function encodeModeStructure($inputitem) {
		$inputitem['bstream'] = array();
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 4, 0x03);
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 4, ord($inputitem['data'][1]) - 1);
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 4, ord($inputitem['data'][0]) - 1);
		$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendNum($inputitem['bstream'], 8, ord($inputitem['data'][2]));
		return $inputitem;
	}

/**
	 * encodeBitStream
	 * @param array $inputitem
	 * @param int $version
	 * @return array input item
	 */
	 protected function encodeBitStream($inputitem, $version) {
		$inputitem['bstream'] = array();
		$words = $this->maximumWords($inputitem['mode'], $version);
		if ($inputitem['size'] > $words) {
			$st1 = $this->newInputItem($inputitem['mode'], $words, $inputitem['data']);
			$st2 = $this->newInputItem($inputitem['mode'], $inputitem['size'] - $words, array_slice($inputitem['data'], $words));
			$st1 = $this->encodeBitStream($st1, $version);
			$st2 = $this->encodeBitStream($st2, $version);
			$inputitem['bstream'] = array();
			$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendBitstream($inputitem['bstream'], $st1['bstream']);
			$inputitem['bstream'] = $this->appendBitstream($inputitem['bstream'], $st2['bstream']);
		} else {
			switch($inputitem['mode']) {
				case QR_MODE_NM: {
					$inputitem = $this->encodeModeNum($inputitem, $version);
					break;
				}
				case QR_MODE_AN: {
					$inputitem = $this->encodeModeAn($inputitem, $version);
					break;
				}
				case QR_MODE_8B: {
					$inputitem = $this->encodeMode8($inputitem, $version);
					break;
				}
				case QR_MODE_KJ: {
					$inputitem = $this->encodeModeKanji($inputitem, $version);
					break;
				}
				case QR_MODE_ST: {
					$inputitem = $this->encodeModeStructure($inputitem);
					break;
				}
				default: {
					break;
				}
			}
		}
		return $inputitem;
	}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// QRinput

/**
	 * Append data to an input object.
	 * The data is copied and appended to the input object.
	 * @param array $items input items
	 * @param int $mode encoding mode.
	 * @param int $size size of data (byte).
	 * @param array $data array of input data.
	 * @return array items
	 *
	 */
	protected function appendNewInputItem($items, $mode, $size, $data) {
		$newitem = $this->newInputItem($mode, $size, $data);
		if (!empty($newitem)) {
			$items[] = $newitem;
		}
		return $items;
	}

/**
	 * insertStructuredAppendHeader
	 * @param array $items
	 * @param int $size
	 * @param int $index
	 * @param int $parity
	 * @return array items
	 */
	 protected function insertStructuredAppendHeader($items, $size, $index, $parity) {
		if ($size > MAX_STRUCTURED_SYMBOLS) {
			return -1;
		}
		if (($index <= 0) OR ($index > MAX_STRUCTURED_SYMBOLS)) {
			return -1;
		}
		$buf = array($size, $index, $parity);
		$entry = $this->newInputItem(QR_MODE_ST, 3, buf);
		array_unshift($items, $entry);
		return $items;
	}

/**
	 * calcParity
	 * @param array $items
	 * @return int parity
	 */
	 protected function calcParity($items) {
		$parity = 0;
		foreach ($items as $item) {
			if ($item['mode'] != QR_MODE_ST) {
				for ($i=$item['size']-1; $i>=0; --$i) {
					$parity ^= $item['data'][$i];
				}
			}
		}
		return $parity;
	}

/**
	 * checkModeNum
	 * @param int $size
	 * @param array $data
	 * @return boolean true or false
	 */
	 protected function checkModeNum($size, $data) {
		for ($i=0; $i<$size; ++$i) {
			if ((ord($data[$i]) < ord('0')) OR (ord($data[$i]) > ord('9'))){
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

/**
	 * Look up the alphabet-numeric conversion table (see JIS X0510:2004, pp.19).
	 * @param int $c character value
	 * @return int value
	 */
	protected function lookAnTable($c) {
		return (($c > 127)?-1:$this->anTable[$c]);
	}

/**
	 * checkModeAn
	 * @param int $size
	 * @param array $data
	 * @return boolean true or false
	 */
	 protected function checkModeAn($size, $data) {
		for ($i=0; $i<$size; ++$i) {
			if ($this->lookAnTable(ord($data[$i])) == -1) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

/**
	 * estimateBitsModeNum
	 * @param int $size
	 * @return int number of bits
	 */
	 protected function estimateBitsModeNum($size) {
		$w = (int)($size / 3);
		$bits = ($w * 10);
		switch($size - ($w * 3)) {
			case 1: {
				$bits += 4;
				break;
			}
			case 2: {
				$bits += 7;
				break;
			}
		}
		return $bits;
	}

/**
	 * estimateBitsModeAn
	 * @param int $size
	 * @return int number of bits
	 */
	 protected function estimateBitsModeAn($size) {
		$bits = (int)($size * 5.5); // (size / 2 ) * 11
		if ($size & 1) {
			$bits += 6;
		}
		return $bits;
	}

/**
	 * estimateBitsMode8
	 * @param int $size
	 * @return int number of bits
	 */
	 protected function estimateBitsMode8($size) {
		return (int)($size * 8);
	}

/**
	 * estimateBitsModeKanji
	 * @param int $size
	 * @return int number of bits
	 */
	 protected function estimateBitsModeKanji($size) {
		return (int)($size * 6.5); // (size / 2 ) * 13
	}

/**
	 * checkModeKanji
	 * @param int $size
	 * @param array $data
	 * @return boolean true or false
	 */
	 protected function checkModeKanji($size, $data) {
		if ($size & 1) {
			return false;
		}
		for ($i=0; $i<$size; $i+=2) {
			$val = (ord($data[$i]) << 8) | ord($data[$i+1]);
			if (($val < 0x8140) OR (($val > 0x9ffc) AND ($val < 0xe040)) OR ($val > 0xebbf)) {
				return false;
			}
		}
		return true;
	}

/**
	 * Validate the input data.
	 * @param int $mode encoding mode.
	 * @param int $size size of data (byte).
	 * @param array $data data to validate
	 * @return boolean true in case of valid data, false otherwise
	 */
	protected function check($mode, $size, $data) {
		if ($size <= 0) {
			return false;
		}
		switch($mode) {
			case QR_MODE_NM: {
				return $this->checkModeNum($size, $data);
			}
			case QR_MODE_AN: {
				return $this->checkModeAn($size, $data);
			}
			case QR_MODE_KJ: {
				return $this->checkModeKanji($size, $data);
			}
			case QR_MODE_8B: {
				return true;
			}
			case QR_MODE_ST: {
				return true;
			}
			default: {
				break;
			}
		}
		return false;
	}

/**
	 * estimateBitStreamSize
	 * @param array $items
	 * @param int $version
	 * @return int bits
	 */
	 protected function estimateBitStreamSize($items, $version) {
		$bits = 0;
		if ($version == 0) {
			$version = 1;
		}
		foreach ($items as $item) {
			switch($item['mode']) {
				case QR_MODE_NM: {
					$bits = $this->estimateBitsModeNum($item['size']);
					break;
				}
				case QR_MODE_AN: {
					$bits = $this->estimateBitsModeAn($item['size']);
					break;
				}
				case QR_MODE_8B: {
					$bits = $this->estimateBitsMode8($item['size']);
					break;
				}
				case QR_MODE_KJ: {
					$bits = $this->estimateBitsModeKanji($item['size']);
					break;
				}
				case QR_MODE_ST: {
					return STRUCTURE_HEADER_BITS;
				}
				default: {
					return 0;
				}
			}
			$l = $this->lengthIndicator($item['mode'], $version);
			$m = 1 << $l;
			$num = (int)(($item['size'] + $m - 1) / $m);
			$bits += $num * (4 + $l);
		}
		return $bits;
	}

/**
	 * estimateVersion
	 * @param array $items
	 * @return int version
	 */
	 protected function estimateVersion($items) {
		$version = 0;
		$prev = 0;
		do {
			$prev = $version;
			$bits = $this->estimateBitStreamSize($items, $prev);
			$version = $this->getMinimumVersion((int)(($bits + 7) / 8), $this->level);
			if ($version < 0) {
				return -1;
			}
		} while ($version > $prev);
		return $version;
	}

/**
	 * lengthOfCode
	 * @param int $mode
	 * @param int $version
	 * @param int $bits
	 * @return int size
	 */
	 protected function lengthOfCode($mode, $version, $bits) {
		$payload = $bits - 4 - $this->lengthIndicator($mode, $version);
		switch($mode) {
			case QR_MODE_NM: {
				$chunks = (int)($payload / 10);
				$remain = $payload - $chunks * 10;
				$size = $chunks * 3;
				if ($remain >= 7) {
					$size += 2;
				} elseif ($remain >= 4) {
					$size += 1;
				}
				break;
			}
			case QR_MODE_AN: {
				$chunks = (int)($payload / 11);
				$remain = $payload - $chunks * 11;
				$size = $chunks * 2;
				if ($remain >= 6) {
					++$size;
				}
				break;
			}
			case QR_MODE_8B: {
				$size = (int)($payload / 8);
				break;
			}
			case QR_MODE_KJ: {
				$size = (int)(($payload / 13) * 2);
				break;
			}
			case QR_MODE_ST: {
				$size = (int)($payload / 8);
				break;
			}
			default: {
				$size = 0;
				break;
			}
		}
		$maxsize = $this->maximumWords($mode, $version);
		if ($size < 0) {
			$size = 0;
		}
		if ($size > $maxsize) {
			$size = $maxsize;
		}
		return $size;
	}

/**
	 * createBitStream
	 * @param array $items
	 * @return array of items and total bits
	 */
	 protected function createBitStream($items) {
		$total = 0;
		foreach ($items as $key => $item) {
			$items[$key] = $this->encodeBitStream($item, $this->version);
			$bits = count($items[$key]['bstream']);
			$total += $bits;
		}
		return array($items, $total);
	}

/**
	 * convertData
	 * @param array $items
	 * @return array items
	 */
	 protected function convertData($items) {
		$ver = $this->estimateVersion($items);
		if ($ver > $this->version) {
			$this->version = $ver;
		}
		while (true) {
			$cbs = $this->createBitStream($items);
			$items = $cbs[0];
			$bits = $cbs[1];
			if ($bits < 0) {
				return -1;
			}
			$ver = $this->getMinimumVersion((int)(($bits + 7) / 8), $this->level);
			if ($ver < 0) {
				return -1;
			} elseif ($ver > $this->version) {
				$this->version = $ver;
			} else {
				break;
			}
		}
		return $items;
	}

/**
	 * Append Padding Bit to bitstream
	 * @param array $bstream
	 * @return array bitstream
	 */
	 protected function appendPaddingBit($bstream) {
	 	if (is_null($bstream)) {
	 		return null;
	 	}
		$bits = count($bstream);
		$maxwords = $this->getDataLength($this->version, $this->level);
		$maxbits = $maxwords * 8;
		if ($maxbits == $bits) {
			return $bstream;
		}
		if ($maxbits - $bits < 5) {
			return $this->appendNum($bstream, $maxbits - $bits, 0);
		}
		$bits += 4;
		$words = (int)(($bits + 7) / 8);
		$padding = array();
		$padding = $this->appendNum($padding, $words * 8 - $bits + 4, 0);
		$padlen = $maxwords - $words;
		if ($padlen > 0) {
			$padbuf = array();
			for ($i=0; $i<$padlen; ++$i) {
				$padbuf[$i] = ($i&1)?0x11:0xec;
			}
			$padding = $this->appendBytes($padding, $padlen, $padbuf);
		}
		return $this->appendBitstream($bstream, $padding);
	}

/**
	 * mergeBitStream
	 * @param array $items items
	 * @return array bitstream
	 */
	 protected function mergeBitStream($items) {
		$items = $this->convertData($items);
		if (!is_array($items)) {
			return null;
		}
		$bstream = array();
		foreach ($items as $item) {
			$bstream = $this->appendBitstream($bstream, $item['bstream']);
		}
		return $bstream;
	}

/**
	 * Returns a stream of bits.
	 * @param int $items
	 * @return array padded merged byte stream
	 */
	protected function getBitStream($items) {
		$bstream = $this->mergeBitStream($items);
		return $this->appendPaddingBit($bstream);
	}

/**
	 * Pack all bit streams padding bits into a byte array.
	 * @param int $items
	 * @return array padded merged byte stream
	 */
	protected function getByteStream($items) {
		$bstream = $this->getBitStream($items);
		return $this->bitstreamToByte($bstream);
	}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// QRbitstream

/**
	 * Return an array with zeros
	 * @param int $setLength array size
	 * @return array
	 */
	 protected function allocate($setLength) {
		return array_fill(0, $setLength, 0);
	}

/**
	 * Return new bitstream from number
	 * @param int $bits number of bits
	 * @param int $num number
	 * @return array bitstream
	 */
	 protected function newFromNum($bits, $num) {
		$bstream = $this->allocate($bits);
		$mask = 1 << ($bits - 1);
		for ($i=0; $i<$bits; ++$i) {
			if ($num & $mask) {
				$bstream[$i] = 1;
			} else {
				$bstream[$i] = 0;
			}
			$mask = $mask >> 1;
		}
		return $bstream;
	}

/**
	 * Return new bitstream from bytes
	 * @param int $size size
	 * @param array $data bytes
	 * @return array bitstream
	 */
	 protected function newFromBytes($size, $data) {
		$bstream = $this->allocate($size * 8);
		$p=0;
		for ($i=0; $i<$size; ++$i) {
			$mask = 0x80;
			for ($j=0; $j<8; ++$j) {
				if ($data[$i] & $mask) {
					$bstream[$p] = 1;
				} else {
					$bstream[$p] = 0;
				}
				$p++;
				$mask = $mask >> 1;
			}
		}
		return $bstream;
	}

/**
	 * Append one bitstream to another
	 * @param array $bitstream original bitstream
	 * @param array $append bitstream to append
	 * @return array bitstream
	 */
	 protected function appendBitstream($bitstream, $append) {
		if ((!is_array($append)) OR (count($append) == 0)) {
			return $bitstream;
		}
		if (count($bitstream) == 0) {
			return $append;
		}
		return array_values(array_merge($bitstream, $append));
	}

/**
	 * Append one bitstream created from number to another
	 * @param array $bitstream original bitstream
	 * @param int $bits number of bits
	 * @param int $num number
	 * @return array bitstream
	 */
	 protected function appendNum($bitstream, $bits, $num) {
		if ($bits == 0) {
			return 0;
		}
		$b = $this->newFromNum($bits, $num);
		return $this->appendBitstream($bitstream, $b);
	}

/**
	 * Append one bitstream created from bytes to another
	 * @param array $bitstream original bitstream
	 * @param int $size size
	 * @param array $data bytes
	 * @return array bitstream
	 */
	 protected function appendBytes($bitstream, $size, $data) {
		if ($size == 0) {
			return 0;
		}
		$b = $this->newFromBytes($size, $data);
		return $this->appendBitstream($bitstream, $b);
	}

/**
	 * Convert bitstream to bytes
	 * @param array $bstream original bitstream
	 * @return array of bytes
	 */
	 protected function bitstreamToByte($bstream) {
		if (is_null($bstream)) {
	 		return null;
	 	}
		$size = count($bstream);
		if ($size == 0) {
			return array();
		}
		$data = array_fill(0, (int)(($size + 7) / 8), 0);
		$bytes = (int)($size / 8);
		$p = 0;
		for ($i=0; $i<$bytes; $i++) {
			$v = 0;
			for ($j=0; $j<8; $j++) {
				$v = $v << 1;
				$v |= $bstream[$p];
				$p++;
			}
			$data[$i] = $v;
		}
		if ($size & 7) {
			$v = 0;
			for ($j=0; $j<($size & 7); $j++) {
				$v = $v << 1;
				$v |= $bstream[$p];
				$p++;
			}
			$data[$bytes] = $v;
		}
		return $data;
	}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// QRspec

/**
	 * Replace a value on the array at the specified position
	 * @param array $srctab
	 * @param int $x X position
	 * @param int $y Y position
	 * @param string $repl value to replace
	 * @param int $replLen length of the repl string
	 * @return array srctab
	 */
	 protected function qrstrset($srctab, $x, $y, $repl, $replLen=false) {
		$srctab[$y] = substr_replace($srctab[$y], ($replLen !== false)?substr($repl,0,$replLen):$repl, $x, ($replLen !== false)?$replLen:strlen($repl));
		return $srctab;
	}

/**
	 * Return maximum data code length (bytes) for the version.
	 * @param int $version version
	 * @param int $level error correction level
	 * @return int maximum size (bytes)
	 */
	protected function getDataLength($version, $level) {
		return $this->capacity[$version][QRCAP_WORDS] - $this->capacity[$version][QRCAP_EC][$level];
	}

/**
	 * Return maximum error correction code length (bytes) for the version.
	 * @param int $version version
	 * @param int $level error correction level
	 * @return int ECC size (bytes)
	 */
	protected function getECCLength($version, $level){
		return $this->capacity[$version][QRCAP_EC][$level];
	}

/**
	 * Return the width of the symbol for the version.
	 * @param int $version version
	 * @return int width
	 */
	protected function getWidth($version) {
		return $this->capacity[$version][QRCAP_WIDTH];
	}

/**
	 * Return the numer of remainder bits.
	 * @param int $version version
	 * @return int number of remainder bits
	 */
	protected function getRemainder($version) {
		return $this->capacity[$version][QRCAP_REMINDER];
	}

/**
	 * Return a version number that satisfies the input code length.
	 * @param int $size input code length (bytes)
	 * @param int $level error correction level
	 * @return int version number
	 */
	protected function getMinimumVersion($size, $level) {
		for ($i = 1; $i <= QRSPEC_VERSION_MAX; ++$i) {
			$words = ($this->capacity[$i][QRCAP_WORDS] - $this->capacity[$i][QRCAP_EC][$level]);
			if ($words >= $size) {
				return $i;
			}
		}
		// the size of input data is greater than QR capacity, try to lover the error correction mode
		return -1;
	}

/**
	 * Return the size of length indicator for the mode and version.
	 * @param int $mode encoding mode
	 * @param int $version version
	 * @return int the size of the appropriate length indicator (bits).
	 */
	protected function lengthIndicator($mode, $version) {
		if ($mode == QR_MODE_ST) {
			return 0;
		}
		if ($version <= 9) {
			$l = 0;
		} elseif ($version <= 26) {
			$l = 1;
		} else {
			$l = 2;
		}
		return $this->lengthTableBits[$mode][$l];
	}

/**
	 * Return the maximum length for the mode and version.
	 * @param int $mode encoding mode
	 * @param int $version version
	 * @return int the maximum length (bytes)
	 */
	protected function maximumWords($mode, $version) {
		if ($mode == QR_MODE_ST) {
			return 3;
		}
		if ($version <= 9) {
			$l = 0;
		} else if ($version <= 26) {
			$l = 1;
		} else {
			$l = 2;
		}
		$bits = $this->lengthTableBits[$mode][$l];
		$words = (1 << $bits) - 1;
		if ($mode == QR_MODE_KJ) {
			$words *= 2; // the number of bytes is required
		}
		return $words;
	}

/**
	 * Return an array of ECC specification.
	 * @param int $version version
	 * @param int $level error correction level
	 * @param array $spec an array of ECC specification contains as following: {# of type1 blocks, # of data code, # of ecc code, # of type2 blocks, # of data code}
	 * @return array spec
	 */
	protected function getEccSpec($version, $level, $spec) {
		if (count($spec) < 5) {
			$spec = array(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
		}
		$b1 = $this->eccTable[$version][$level][0];
		$b2 = $this->eccTable[$version][$level][1];
		$data = $this->getDataLength($version, $level);
		$ecc = $this->getECCLength($version, $level);
		if ($b2 == 0) {
			$spec[0] = $b1;
			$spec[1] = (int)($data / $b1);
			$spec[2] = (int)($ecc / $b1);
			$spec[3] = 0;
			$spec[4] = 0;
		} else {
			$spec[0] = $b1;
			$spec[1] = (int)($data / ($b1 + $b2));
			$spec[2] = (int)($ecc  / ($b1 + $b2));
			$spec[3] = $b2;
			$spec[4] = $spec[1] + 1;
		}
		return $spec;
	}

/**
	 * Put an alignment marker.
	 * @param array $frame frame
	 * @param int $ox X center coordinate of the pattern
	 * @param int $oy Y center coordinate of the pattern
	 * @return array frame
	 */
	protected function putAlignmentMarker($frame, $ox, $oy) {
		$finder = array(
			"\xa1\xa1\xa1\xa1\xa1",
			"\xa1\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa1",
			"\xa1\xa0\xa1\xa0\xa1",
			"\xa1\xa0\xa0\xa0\xa1",
			"\xa1\xa1\xa1\xa1\xa1"
			);
		$yStart = $oy - 2;
		$xStart = $ox - 2;
		for ($y=0; $y < 5; $y++) {
			$frame = $this->qrstrset($frame, $xStart, $yStart+$y, $finder[$y]);
		}
		return $frame;
	}

/**
	 * Put an alignment pattern.
	 * @param int $version version
	 * @param array $frame frame
	 * @param int $width width
	 * @return array frame
	 */
	 protected function putAlignmentPattern($version, $frame, $width) {
		if ($version < 2) {
			return $frame;
		}
		$d = $this->alignmentPattern[$version][1] - $this->alignmentPattern[$version][0];
		if ($d < 0) {
			$w = 2;
		} else {
			$w = (int)(($width - $this->alignmentPattern[$version][0]) / $d + 2);
		}
		if ($w * $w - 3 == 1) {
			$x = $this->alignmentPattern[$version][0];
			$y = $this->alignmentPattern[$version][0];
			$frame = $this->putAlignmentMarker($frame, $x, $y);
			return $frame;
		}
		$cx = $this->alignmentPattern[$version][0];
		$wo = $w - 1;
		for ($x=1; $x < $wo; ++$x) {
			$frame = $this->putAlignmentMarker($frame, 6, $cx);
			$frame = $this->putAlignmentMarker($frame, $cx,  6);
			$cx += $d;
		}
		$cy = $this->alignmentPattern[$version][0];
		for ($y=0; $y < $wo; ++$y) {
			$cx = $this->alignmentPattern[$version][0];
			for ($x=0; $x < $wo; ++$x) {
				$frame = $this->putAlignmentMarker($frame, $cx, $cy);
				$cx += $d;
			}
			$cy += $d;
		}
		return $frame;
	}

/**
	 * Return BCH encoded version information pattern that is used for the symbol of version 7 or greater. Use lower 18 bits.
	 * @param int $version version
	 * @return string BCH encoded version information pattern
	 */
	protected function getVersionPattern($version) {
		if (($version < 7) OR ($version > QRSPEC_VERSION_MAX)) {
			return 0;
		}
		return $this->versionPattern[($version - 7)];
	}

/**
	 * Return BCH encoded format information pattern.
	 * @param array $mask
	 * @param int $level error correction level
	 * @return string BCH encoded format information pattern
	 */
	protected function getFormatInfo($mask, $level) {
		if (($mask < 0) OR ($mask > 7)) {
			return 0;
		}
		if (($level < 0) OR ($level > 3)) {
			return 0;
		}
		return $this->formatInfo[$level][$mask];
	}

/**
	 * Put a finder pattern.
	 * @param array $frame frame
	 * @param int $ox X center coordinate of the pattern
	 * @param int $oy Y center coordinate of the pattern
	 * @return array frame
	 */
	protected function putFinderPattern($frame, $ox, $oy) {
		$finder = array(
		"\xc1\xc1\xc1\xc1\xc1\xc1\xc1",
		"\xc1\xc0\xc0\xc0\xc0\xc0\xc1",
		"\xc1\xc0\xc1\xc1\xc1\xc0\xc1",
		"\xc1\xc0\xc1\xc1\xc1\xc0\xc1",
		"\xc1\xc0\xc1\xc1\xc1\xc0\xc1",
		"\xc1\xc0\xc0\xc0\xc0\xc0\xc1",
		"\xc1\xc1\xc1\xc1\xc1\xc1\xc1"
		);
		for ($y=0; $y < 7; $y++) {
			$frame = $this->qrstrset($frame, $ox, ($oy + $y), $finder[$y]);
		}
		return $frame;
	}

/**
	 * Return a copy of initialized frame.
	 * @param int $version version
	 * @return array array of unsigned char.
	 */
	protected function createFrame($version) {
		$width = $this->capacity[$version][QRCAP_WIDTH];
		$frameLine = str_repeat ("\0", $width);
		$frame = array_fill(0, $width, $frameLine);
		// Finder pattern
		$frame = $this->putFinderPattern($frame, 0, 0);
		$frame = $this->putFinderPattern($frame, $width - 7, 0);
		$frame = $this->putFinderPattern($frame, 0, $width - 7);
		// Separator
		$yOffset = $width - 7;
		for ($y=0; $y < 7; ++$y) {
			$frame[$y][7] = "\xc0";
			$frame[$y][$width - 8] = "\xc0";
			$frame[$yOffset][7] = "\xc0";
			++$yOffset;
		}
		$setPattern = str_repeat("\xc0", 8);
		$frame = $this->qrstrset($frame, 0, 7, $setPattern);
		$frame = $this->qrstrset($frame, $width-8, 7, $setPattern);
		$frame = $this->qrstrset($frame, 0, $width - 8, $setPattern);
		// Format info
		$setPattern = str_repeat("\x84", 9);
		$frame = $this->qrstrset($frame, 0, 8, $setPattern);
		$frame = $this->qrstrset($frame, $width - 8, 8, $setPattern, 8);
		$yOffset = $width - 8;
		for ($y=0; $y < 8; ++$y,++$yOffset) {
			$frame[$y][8] = "\x84";
			$frame[$yOffset][8] = "\x84";
		}
		// Timing pattern
		$wo = $width - 15;
		for ($i=1; $i < $wo; ++$i) {
			$frame[6][7+$i] = chr(0x90 | ($i & 1));
			$frame[7+$i][6] = chr(0x90 | ($i & 1));
		}
		// Alignment pattern
		$frame = $this->putAlignmentPattern($version, $frame, $width);
		// Version information
		if ($version >= 7) {
			$vinf = $this->getVersionPattern($version);
			$v = $vinf;
			for ($x=0; $x<6; ++$x) {
				for ($y=0; $y<3; ++$y) {
					$frame[($width - 11)+$y][$x] = chr(0x88 | ($v & 1));
					$v = $v >> 1;
				}
			}
			$v = $vinf;
			for ($y=0; $y<6; ++$y) {
				for ($x=0; $x<3; ++$x) {
					$frame[$y][$x+($width - 11)] = chr(0x88 | ($v & 1));
					$v = $v >> 1;
				}
			}
		}
		// and a little bit...
		$frame[$width - 8][8] = "\x81";
		return $frame;
	}

/**
	 * Set new frame for the specified version.
	 * @param int $version version
	 * @return array array of unsigned char.
	 */
	protected function newFrame($version) {
		if (($version < 1) OR ($version > QRSPEC_VERSION_MAX)) {
			return NULL;
		}
		if (!isset($this->frames[$version])) {
			$this->frames[$version] = $this->createFrame($version);
		}
		if (is_null($this->frames[$version])) {
			return NULL;
		}
		return $this->frames[$version];
	}

/**
	 * Return block number 0
	 * @param array $spec
	 * @return int value
	 */
	 protected function rsBlockNum($spec) {
		return ($spec[0] + $spec[3]);
	}

/**
	* Return block number 1
	 * @param array $spec
	 * @return int value
	 */
	 protected function rsBlockNum1($spec) {
		return $spec[0];
	}

/**
	 * Return data codes 1
	 * @param array $spec
	 * @return int value
	 */
	 protected function rsDataCodes1($spec) {
		return $spec[1];
	}

/**
	 * Return ecc codes 1
	 * @param array $spec
	 * @return int value
	 */
	 protected function rsEccCodes1($spec) {
		return $spec[2];
	}

/**
	 * Return block number 2
	 * @param array $spec
	 * @return int value
	 */
	 protected function rsBlockNum2($spec) {
		return $spec[3];
	}

/**
	 * Return data codes 2
	 * @param array $spec
	 * @return int value
	 */
	 protected function rsDataCodes2($spec) {
		return $spec[4];
	}

/**
	 * Return ecc codes 2
	 * @param array $spec
	 * @return int value
	 */
	 protected function rsEccCodes2($spec) {
		return $spec[2];
	}

/**
	 * Return data length
	 * @param array $spec
	 * @return int value
	 */
	 protected function rsDataLength($spec) {
		return ($spec[0] * $spec[1]) + ($spec[3] * $spec[4]);
	}

/**
	 * Return ecc length
	 * @param array $spec
	 * @return int value
	 */
	 protected function rsEccLength($spec) {
		return ($spec[0] + $spec[3]) * $spec[2];
	}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// QRrs

/**
	 * Initialize a Reed-Solomon codec and add it to existing rsitems
	 * @param int $symsize symbol size, bits
	 * @param int $gfpoly  Field generator polynomial coefficients
	 * @param int $fcr  first root of RS code generator polynomial, index form
	 * @param int $prim  primitive element to generate polynomial roots
	 * @param int $nroots RS code generator polynomial degree (number of roots)
	 * @param int $pad  padding bytes at front of shortened block
	 * @return array Array of RS values:<ul><li>mm = Bits per symbol;</li><li>nn = Symbols per block;</li><li>alpha_to = log lookup table array;</li><li>index_of = Antilog lookup table array;</li><li>genpoly = Generator polynomial array;</li><li>nroots = Number of generator;</li><li>roots = number of parity symbols;</li><li>fcr = First consecutive root, index form;</li><li>prim = Primitive element, index form;</li><li>iprim = prim-th root of 1, index form;</li><li>pad = Padding bytes in shortened block;</li><li>gfpoly</ul>.
	 */
	 protected function init_rs($symsize, $gfpoly, $fcr, $prim, $nroots, $pad) {
		foreach ($this->rsitems as $rs) {
			if (($rs['pad'] != $pad) OR ($rs['nroots'] != $nroots) OR ($rs['mm'] != $symsize)
				OR ($rs['gfpoly'] != $gfpoly) OR ($rs['fcr'] != $fcr) OR ($rs['prim'] != $prim)) {
				continue;
			}
			return $rs;
		}
		$rs = $this->init_rs_char($symsize, $gfpoly, $fcr, $prim, $nroots, $pad);
		array_unshift($this->rsitems, $rs);
		return $rs;
	}

// - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

// QRrsItem

/**
	 * modnn
	 * @param array $rs RS values
	 * @param int $x X position
	 * @return int X osition
	 */
	 protected function modnn($rs, $x) {
		while ($x >= $rs['nn']) {
			$x -= $rs['nn'];
			$x = ($x >> $rs['mm']) + ($x & $rs['nn']);
		}
		return $x;
	}

/**
	 * Initialize a Reed-Solomon codec and returns an array of values.
	 * @param int $symsize symbol size, bits
	 * @param int $gfpoly  Field generator polynomial coefficients
	 * @param int $fcr  first root of RS code generator polynomial, index form
	 * @param int $prim  primitive element to generate polynomial roots
	 * @param int $nroots RS code generator polynomial degree (number of roots)
	 * @param int $pad  padding bytes at front of shortened block
	 * @return array Array of RS values:<ul><li>mm = Bits per symbol;</li><li>nn = Symbols per block;</li><li>alpha_to = log lookup table array;</li><li>index_of = Antilog lookup table array;</li><li>genpoly = Generator polynomial array;</li><li>nroots = Number of generator;</li><li>roots = number of parity symbols;</li><li>fcr = First consecutive root, index form;</li><li>prim = Primitive element, index form;</li><li>iprim = prim-th root of 1, index form;</li><li>pad = Padding bytes in shortened block;</li><li>gfpoly</ul>.
	 */
	protected function init_rs_char($symsize, $gfpoly, $fcr, $prim, $nroots, $pad) {
		// Based on Reed solomon encoder by Phil Karn, KA9Q (GNU-LGPLv2)
		$rs = null;
		// Check parameter ranges
		if (($symsize < 0) OR ($symsize > 8)) {
			return $rs;
		}
		if (($fcr < 0) OR ($fcr >= (1<<$symsize))) {
			return $rs;
		}
		if (($prim <= 0) OR ($prim >= (1<<$symsize))) {
			return $rs;
		}
		if (($nroots < 0) OR ($nroots >= (1<<$symsize))) {
			return $rs;
		}
		if (($pad < 0) OR ($pad >= ((1<<$symsize) -1 - $nroots))) {
			return $rs;
		}
		$rs = array();
		$rs['mm'] = $symsize;
		$rs['nn'] = (1 << $symsize) - 1;
		$rs['pad'] = $pad;
		$rs['alpha_to'] = array_fill(0, ($rs['nn'] + 1), 0);
		$rs['index_of'] = array_fill(0, ($rs['nn'] + 1), 0);
		// PHP style macro replacement ;)
		$NN =& $rs['nn'];
		$A0 =& $NN;
		// Generate Galois field lookup tables
		$rs['index_of'][0] = $A0; // log(zero) = -inf
		$rs['alpha_to'][$A0] = 0; // alpha**-inf = 0
		$sr = 1;
		for ($i=0; $i<$rs['nn']; ++$i) {
			$rs['index_of'][$sr] = $i;
			$rs['alpha_to'][$i] = $sr;
			$sr <<= 1;
			if ($sr & (1 << $symsize)) {
				$sr ^= $gfpoly;
			}
			$sr &= $rs['nn'];
		}
		if ($sr != 1) {
			// field generator polynomial is not primitive!
			return NULL;
		}
		// Form RS code generator polynomial from its roots
		$rs['genpoly'] = array_fill(0, ($nroots + 1), 0);
		$rs['fcr'] = $fcr;
		$rs['prim'] = $prim;
		$rs['nroots'] = $nroots;
		$rs['gfpoly'] = $gfpoly;
		// Find prim-th root of 1, used in decoding
		for ($iprim=1; ($iprim % $prim) != 0; $iprim += $rs['nn']) {
			; // intentional empty-body loop!
		}
		$rs['iprim'] = (int)($iprim / $prim);
		$rs['genpoly'][0] = 1;
		for ($i = 0,$root=$fcr*$prim; $i < $nroots; $i++, $root += $prim) {
			$rs['genpoly'][$i+1] = 1;
			// Multiply rs->genpoly[] by  @**(root + x)
			for ($j = $i; $j > 0; --$j) {
				if ($rs['genpoly'][$j] != 0) {
					$rs['genpoly'][$j] = $rs['genpoly'][$j-1] ^ $rs['alpha_to'][$this->modnn($rs, $rs['index_of'][$rs['genpoly'][$j]] + $root)];
				} else {
					$rs['genpoly'][$j] = $rs['genpoly'][$j-1];
				}
			}
			// rs->genpoly[0] can never be zero
			$rs['genpoly'][0] = $rs['alpha_to'][$this->modnn($rs, $rs['index_of'][$rs['genpoly'][0]] + $root)];
		}
		// convert rs->genpoly[] to index form for quicker encoding
		for ($i = 0; $i <= $nroots; ++$i) {
			$rs['genpoly'][$i] = $rs['index_of'][$rs['genpoly'][$i]];
		}
		return $rs;
	}

/**
	 * Encode a Reed-Solomon codec and returns the parity array
	 * @param array $rs RS values
	 * @param array $data data
	 * @param array $parity parity
	 * @return parity array
	 */
	 protected function encode_rs_char($rs, $data, $parity) {
		$MM       =& $rs['mm']; // bits per symbol
		$NN       =& $rs['nn']; // the total number of symbols in a RS block
		$ALPHA_TO =& $rs['alpha_to']; // the address of an array of NN elements to convert Galois field elements in index (log) form to polynomial form
		$INDEX_OF =& $rs['index_of']; // the address of an array of NN elements to convert Galois field elements in polynomial form to index (log) form
		$GENPOLY  =& $rs['genpoly']; // an array of NROOTS+1 elements containing the generator polynomial in index form
		$NROOTS   =& $rs['nroots']; // the number of roots in the RS code generator polynomial, which is the same as the number of parity symbols in a block
		$FCR      =& $rs['fcr']; // first consecutive root, index form
		$PRIM     =& $rs['prim']; // primitive element, index form
		$IPRIM    =& $rs['iprim']; // prim-th root of 1, index form
		$PAD      =& $rs['pad']; // the number of pad symbols in a block
		$A0       =& $NN;
		$parity = array_fill(0, $NROOTS, 0);
		for ($i=0; $i < ($NN - $NROOTS - $PAD); $i++) {
			$feedback = $INDEX_OF[$data[$i] ^ $parity[0]];
			if ($feedback != $A0) {
				// feedback term is non-zero
				// This line is unnecessary when GENPOLY[NROOTS] is unity, as it must
				// always be for the polynomials constructed by init_rs()
				$feedback = $this->modnn($rs, $NN - $GENPOLY[$NROOTS] + $feedback);
				for ($j=1; $j < $NROOTS; ++$j) {
				$parity[$j] ^= $ALPHA_TO[$this->modnn($rs, $feedback + $GENPOLY[($NROOTS - $j)])];
				}
			}
			// Shift
			array_shift($parity);
			if ($feedback != $A0) {
				array_push($parity, $ALPHA_TO[$this->modnn($rs, $feedback + $GENPOLY[0])]);
			} else {
				array_push($parity, 0);
			}
		}
		return $parity;
	}

} // end QRcode class

//============================================================+
// END OF FILE
//============================================================+

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